Frequently Used References for Attributions and Research
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United States Coinage
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Half Cents
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Half Cent Die States 1793-1857 by Ronald P. Manley, Ph.D., Edited by Bob Grellman, Jr. (Cohen Numbers; C-1, C-2, etc.)
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Encyclopedia of United States Half Cents 1793-1857 by Walter Breen (Cohen Numbers; C-1, C-2, etc.)
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Large Cents
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United States Large Cents 1793-1794 by William C. Noyes (Sheldon Numbers; S-101, S-17A, NC-1 for Non-Collectibles and extremely rare varieties, etc.)
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United States Large Cents 1793-1814 by William C. Noyes (Sheldon Numbers; S-101, S-17A, NC-1 for Non-Collectibles and extremely rare varieties, etc.)
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United States Large Cents 1816-1839 by William C. Noyes (Newcomb Numbers; N-8, N-10, etc.)
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The Die Varieties of United States Large Cents 1840-1857 by John R. Grellman, Jr. (Newcomb numbers; N-1, N-17, etc.)
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Encyclopedia of Early United States Cents 1793-1814 by Walter Breen in collaboration with Del Bland and edited by Mark Borckardt (Sheldon Numbers; S-101, S-17A, NC-1 for Non-Collectibles and extremely rare varieties, etc.)
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Small Cents
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The Flying Eagle & Indian Cent Attribution Guide, 2nd Edition: Volume One 1856-1858 by Richard Snow (Snow numbers; Snow-1, Snow-2, etc. or you may request the CONECA number if listed by CONECA. NOTE: Snow is also the official reference for CONECA. Most CONECA doubled dies are given in the cross-reference table at the end of each date in Snow’s books.)
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The Flying Eagle & Indian Cent Attribution Guide, 2nd Edition: Volume Two 1859-1869 by Richard Snow (Snow numbers; Snow-1, Snow-2, etc. or you may request the CONECA number if listed by CONECA. NOTE: Snow is also the official reference for CONECA. Most CONECA doubled dies are given in the cross-reference table at the end of each date in Snow’s books.)
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The Flying Eagle & Indian Cent Attribution Guide, 2nd Edition: Volume Three 1870-1889 by Richard Snow (Snow numbers; Snow-1, Snow-2, etc. or you may request the CONECA number if listed by CONECA. NOTE: Snow is also the official reference for CONECA. Most CONECA doubled dies are given in the cross-reference table at the end of each date in Snow’s books.)
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The Flying Eagle & Indian Cent Attribution Guide, 2nd Edition: Volume Six 1900-1909 by Richard Snow (Snow numbers; Snow-1, Snow-2, etc. or you may request the CONECA number if listed by CONECA. NOTE: Snow is also the official reference for CONECA. Most CONECA doubled dies are given in the cross-reference table at the end of each date in Snow’s books.)
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Flying Eagle and Indian Cents by Richard Snow, edited by Chris Pilliod (Snow numbers; Snow-1, Snow-2, etc.)
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A Guide Book of Flying Eagle and Indian Head Cents (Red Book) by Richard Snow (Snow numbers; Snow-1, Snow-2, etc.)
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The Lincoln Cent Doubled Die by John A. Wexler (CONECA numbers; DDO-001, DDO-037, DDR-003, etc.)
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The RPM Book Second Edition: Lincoln Cents by James Wiles, Ph.D. (CONECA numbers; RPM-001, RPM-037, RPM-003b, etc.)
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The Lincoln Cent RPM Book Update: 1997-2002 by James Wiles, Ph.D. (CONECA numbers; RPM-001, RPM-037, RPM-003b, etc.)
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CONECA Top 100 Lincoln Cent RPMs and OMMs eBook by James Wiles, Ph.D. (CONECA numbers; RPM-001, RPM-037, RPM-003b, etc.)
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The Comprehensive Guide to Lincoln Cent Repunched Mintmark Varieties, Volume 1: Wheat Cents 1909 to 1939 by John A. Wexler, Brian Allen and John W. Bordner (Wexler numbers; WRPM-002, WRPM-004, etc. NOTE: Lincoln cent RPMs will be attributed to CONECA numbers by default. Wexler numbers will be given when the variety is not published by CONECA and is published by Wexler or by special request.)
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Two Cents
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Getting Your Two Cents Worth by Kevin Flynn (Flynn numbers; KF-P3-DDO, KF-P9-RPD, etc. Note: Flynn numbers in all series will only be used when no other numbering system is available or by special request.)
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Three Cents
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The Authoritative Reference on Three Cent Nickels by Kevin Flynn and Edward Fletcher (Flynn-Fletcher numbers; FF-DDR-003, FF-RPD-001, etc. NOTE: Flynn-Fletcher numbers will only be used when varieties are not published elsewhere or by special request.)
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Five Cents
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The Shield Five Cent Series: A Comprehensive Listing of Known Varieties by Edward L. Fletcher, Jr. (Fletcher numbers; F-01, F-08, F-101, etc. NOTE: Attribution numbers for Shield nickel varieties will default to Fletcher numbers by default or to another by special request.)
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The Complete Guide to Shield & Liberty Head Nickels by Gloria Peters and Cynthia Mohon (Peters and Mohon numbers; PM-07.21, PM-08.9, etc.)
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Treasure Hunting Liberty Head Nickels by Kevin Flynn and Bill Van Note (Flynn-Van Note numbers; FVN-DDO-001, FVN-RPD-001, etc. NOTE: Flynn-Van Note numbers will only be used when varieties are not published elsewhere or by special request.)
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Treasure Hunting Buffalo Nickels by John A. Wexler, Ron Pope and Kevin Flynn (Wexler numbers; WDDO-003, WDDR-002, WRPM-001, etc. NOTE: Buffalo nickel varieties will be attributed to CONECA numbers by default. Wexler numbers will be given when the variety is not published by CONECA and is published by Wexler or by special request.)
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Buffalo Nickels, The Abraided Die Varieties by Ron Pope (Pope numbers; 2FNF, 3L, 3HL-F, etc. Note: Abraided dies will be attributed by Fivaz-Stanton or the appropriate series by default. Pope numbers will be given when not published elsewhere or by special request.)
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The Jefferson Nickel RPM Book by James Wiles, Ph.D. (CONECA numbers; RPM-001, RPM-037, RPM-003b, etc.)
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The Jefferson Nickel RPM Book Update: 2001-2002 by James Wiles, Ph.D. (CONECA numbers; RPM-001, RPM-037, RPM-003b, etc.)
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The Best of the Jefferson Nickel Doubled Die Varieties: 2nd Edition by John A. Wexler and Brian A. Ribar (Wexler numbers; WDDO-017, WDDR-034, etc. NOTE: Jefferson nickel varieties will be attributed to CONECA numbers by default. Wexler numbers will be given when the variety is not published by CONECA and is published by Wexler or by special request.)
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Half Dimes
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Federal Half Dimes 1792-1837 by Russell J. Logan and John W. McCloskey (Logan-McCloskey numbers; LM-14, LM-15.1, etc.)
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The Complete Guide to Liberty Seated Half Dimes by Al Blythe (Descriptions and/or Valentine numbers; Arrows at Date, With Drapery, V-2, V-3c, etc.)
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The United States Half Dimes by Daniel W. Valentine (Valentine numbers; V-1, V-2, V-5a, etc. NOTE: Valentine numbers will only be used when necessary.)
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Dimes
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Early United States Dimes 1796-1837 by David J. Davis, Russell J. Logan, Allen F. Lovejoy, John W. McCloskey and William L. Subjack; published by the John Reich Collectors Society (John Reich numbers; JR-1, JR-2, etc.)
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The Complete Guide to Liberty Seated Dimes by Brian Greer (Greer Numbers; Greer-101, Greer-102, etc.)
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Encyclopedia of United States Liberty Seated Dimes 1837-1891 by Kamal M. Ahwash (Ahwash numbers; Ahwash Obv-1 Rev-1, Ahwash Obv-1 Rev-2, etc. NOTE: Ahwash numbers will only be used when necessary.)
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The Authoritative Reference on Barber Dimes by Kevin Flynn (Flynn numbers; Flynn DDO-001, Flynn DDR-002, Flynn RPD-004 etc. NOTE: Flynn numbers will only be used as a last resort or by special request. Lawrence numbers will be given by default when available.)
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Treasure Hunting Mercury Dimes by John A. Wexler and Kevin Flynn (Wexler numbers; WDDO-001, WDDR-003, WRPM-002, etc. Note: Winged Liberty dime varieties are list by CONECA or FS numbers by default. Wexler numbers will be given when the variety is not published elsewhere or by request.)
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Quarter Dollars
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Early United States Quarters 1796-1838 by Steve M. Tompkins (Browning numbers; B-1, B-2, B-3, etc. OF SPECIAL NOTE: This is the finest U. S. Attribution Guide ever published – in my humble opinion. MLE)
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The Comprehensive Encyclopedia of United States Liberty Seated Quarters by Larry Briggs (Briggs numbers; Briggs 1-A, Briggs 4-C, etc.)
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Standing Liberty Quarters: Varieties & Errors by Robert H. Knauss (CONECA numbers; RPM-001, DDR-001, etc.; Wexler numbers; WRPM-001, W-DDO-002, etc. with unpublished varieties by generic description; Doubled Die Obverse, Repunched Mintmark, etc.)
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The Complete Guide to Barber Quarters 2nd Edition by David Lawrence (Lawrence numbers; L-101, L-102, L-103, etc.)
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The Authoritative Reference on Barber Quarters by Kevin Flynn (Flynn numbers; Flynn DDO-001, Flynn DDR-002, Flynn RPD-002 etc. NOTE: Flynn numbers will only be used as a last resort or by special request. Lawrence numbers will be given by default when available.)
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The Washington Quarter Dollar Book, Volume One: 1932-1941 by James Wiles, Ph. D. (CONECA numbers; RPM-001, DDR-001, etc.)
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The Washington Quarter Dollar Book, Volume Two: 1942-1944 by James Wiles, Ph. D. (CONECA numbers; RPM-001, DDR-001, etc.)
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The Washington Quarter Dollar Book, Volume Three: 1945-1949 by James Wiles, Ph. D. (CONECA numbers; RPM-001, DDR-001, etc.)
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The Best of the Washington Quarter Doubled Die Varieties by John A. Wexler and Kevin Flynn (Wexler numbers; WDDO-003, WDDR-017, etc. NOTE: Washington quarter die varieties are attributed by CONECA numbers by default. Wexler numbers will be given when no CONECA number is available or by request.)
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Half Dollars
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United States Early Half Dollar Die Varieties 1794-1836 Latest Edition originally by Al C. Overton and currently by Donald L. Parsley (Overton numbers; O-101, O-102A, O-103, etc.)
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The Ultimate Guide to Attributing Bust Half Dollars; latest edition by Glenn R. Peterson, M.D. (Overton numbers; O-101, O-102A, O-103, etc.)
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The Complete Guide to Liberty Seated Half Dollars by Randy Wiley and Bill Bugert (Wiley-Bugert numbers; WB-102, WB-103, etc. NOTE: This reference is available in its entirety on www.stellacoinnews.com )
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The Complete Guide to Barber Halves by David Lawrence (Lawrence numbers; L-1, L-2, etc.)
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The Authoritative Reference on Barber Half Dollars by Kevin Flynn (Flynn numbers; Flynn DDO-001, Flynn DDR-002, etc. NOTE: Flynn numbers will only be used as a last resort or by special request. Lawrence numbers will be given by default when available.)
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Treasure Hunting Walking Liberty Half Dollars by Kevin Flynn and Brian Raines (Flynn-Raines numbers; FR-DDO-001, FR-DDR-002, FR-RPM-001, etc. NOTE: FR numbers will only be used as a last resort or by special request. CONECA numbers will be used when available.)
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Treasure Hunting Franklin and Kennedy Half Dollar Doubled Dies by Kevin Flynn and John Wexler (Wexler numbers; WDDO-001, WDDR-002, etc. NOTE: Franklin and Kennedy half die varieties are attributed by CONECA numbers by default. Wexler numbers will be given when no CONECA number is available or by request.)
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The Kennedy Half Dollar Book by James Wiles, Ph.D. (CONECA numbers; DDO-001, DDR-006. RPM-001. etc.)
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Silver Dollars 1794-1935
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Comprehensive Catalog and Encyclopedia of Morgan and Peace Dollars Fourth Edition (AKA “The VAM Book) by Leroy C. Van Allen & George Mallis (Van Allen and Mallis numbers; VAM-3, VAM-1A, VAM-1B1, etc. NOTE: Normally if a coin is in the Top 100, Hot 50, etc. that information will be given also.)
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Silver Dollars & Trade Dollars of the United States, A Complete Encyclopedia by Q. David Bowers (Bust Dollars numbered with Bolender B-3, B-14, etc. and Bowers-Borckardt BB-3, BB-17, etc. sometimes both.) (Seated Dollars simply listed as Variety 1, Variety 2 with description, etc. when available.) (Trade dollars by description such as Medium CC, Repunched 6, Type I obv. Type II rev., etc.)
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1878 Morgan Dollar 8-TF Attribution Guide, 3rd Edition by Jeff Oxman and Les Hartnett (Numbers are VAM numbers; VAM-3, VAM-15.2, VAM-1A, etc.)
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SSDC Presents the 1878 Morgan Dollar 7/8-TF Attribution Guide by Jeff Oxman and Les Hartnett (Numbers are VAM numbers; VAM-3, VAM-15.2, VAM-1A, etc.)
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SSDC Official Guide to the Hot 50 Morgan Dollar Varieties by Jeff Oxman (Numbers are VAM numbers; VAM-3, VAM-15.2, VAM-1A, etc.)
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A Guide to the 1879-S Reverse of 1878 Morgan Silver Dollars by David C. Wang (Van Allen and Mallis numbers; VAM-9, VAM-39, VAM-51, etc.)
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Elite Clashed Morgan Dollars (aka Super CDs) by Mark Kimpton, M.D (VAM numbers; VAM-102, VAM-203A, etc.)
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SSDC Presents the Official Guide to the Top 50 Peace Dollar Varieties by Jeff Oxman and Dr. David Close (Numbers are VAM numbers; VAM-3, VAM-15.2, VAM-1A, etc.)
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Dollars 1971-Date
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CONECA Attribution Guide to Eisenhower Dollar Die Varieties by James Wiles, Ph.D. (CONECA numbers; DDO-002, RPM-001, RDV-006, etc.)
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The Authoritative Reference on Eisenhower Dollars by John Wexler, Bill Crawford and Kevin Flynn (Wexler numbers; WDDO-001, WDDR-002, etc.)
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U. S. Gold Coins
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Early U. S. Gold Coin Varieties: A Study of Die States, 1795-1834 by John W. Dannreuther and Harry W. Bass, Jr. (Bass-Dannreuther Numbers; BD-1, BD-2, etc.)
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Private Gold Coins and Patterns of the United States by Donald H. Kagin, Ph.D. (Kagin numbers; Kagin-6, Kagin-6a, Kagin-7, etc.)
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California Pioneer Fractional Gold by Walter Breen in collaboration with Ronald J. Gillio (BG-818, BG-799Y, etc.)
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Proof Coins
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Encyclopedia of United States and Colonial Proof Coins 1722-1989 by Walter Breen (the numbers for the applicable series when available)
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Pattern, Experimental and Trial Coinage
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United States Pattern Coins; Experimental and Trial Pieces latest Edition by J. Hewitt Judd, M.D. and edited by Q. David Bowers (Judd numbers; J-124, J-545, J-1264, etc.)
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United States Patterns and Related Issues by Andrew W. Pollock III (Pollock numbers; Pollock-384, Pollock-606, etc. NOTE: Patterns will be given Judd numbers by default but Pollock numbers are available by request.)
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General and Multi-denominational Including Error Coinage
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A Guide Book of United States Coins by R. S. Yeoman, Edited by Kenneth Bressett – AKA “The Redbook” (Written descriptions as appearing in the book)
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Cherrypickers’ Guide to Rare Die Varieties of United States Coins, Fourth Edition: Volume II and Fifth Edition: Volume I by Bill Fivaz and J. T. Stanton (Fivaz-Stanton numbers; FS-10-1963-101, FS-25-2004D-5901, etc.)
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The RPM Book by John A. Wexler and Tom Miller (CONECA numbers; RPM-001, RPM-037, RPM-003b, etc.)
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Complete Encyclopedia of U. S. and Colonial Coins by Walter Breen (Breen numbers; Breen-146, Breen-1794, etc. NOTE: Breen numbers will only be given as a last resort or on special request. When submitting coins you want to have Breen numbers make it very clear on your submission form. DGS reserves the right to reject any requested Breen attributions.)
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The HUB, NCADD e-Book Volumes 1 to 10, 10th Year Anniversary Disk by various authors, published by John W. Bordner, Sr., edited by Eileen Ribar (Wexler numbers; WDDO-001, WDDR-002, etc.)
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Two Dates are Better Than One by Kevin Flynn (MPD numbers; MPD-001, MPD-037, etc. The numbers for the applicable series will be given unless unpublished elsewhere.)
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Flying Eagle, Indian Cent, Two Cent, Three Cent Doubled Dies by Kevin Flynn (Flynn numbers; KF-DDO-001, KF-DDR-002, etc. Flynn numbers in all series will only be used when the variety is not listed in other numbering systems or by special request.)
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Sam Thurman’s Cud Collection Quarters through Dollars by Frank Leone (Sam Thurman numbers; ST-320, ST-327, etc. NOTE: Major Die Breaks, aka “Cuds” will be attributed by CONECA numbers and relevant series’ by default. ST numbers will be used when not published by CONECA, Margolis or the relevant series’ or by special request.
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Medals and Tokens
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Patriotic Civil War Tokens by George and Melvin Fuld (Fuld numbers; Fuld-95, Fuld-134. Fuld-417b, etc.)
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U. S. Civil War Store Cards by George and Melvin Fuld (Fuld numbers; Merchant and Location with Fuld numbers; W.J. Adderly Grocer, Detroit, MI Fuld 225A-4, etc.)
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Medals of the United States Mint: The First Century 1792-1892 by R. W. Julian (Julian IP-37, Julian MI-13, Julian CM-48, etc. NOTE: Some of these continue to be minted so in some cases a date will not be given.)
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Medals of the United States Mint Issued For Public Sale by Captain Kenneth M. Failor, USNR and Eleonora Hayden as well as other miscellaneous references (Attributed by description except in those cases where a known number exists. NOTE: Many of these medals continue to be minted today so in most cases a firm date will not be given.)
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National Commemorative Medals of the United States Mint by John T. Dean (HK numbers by default; HK#345, HK#465A, etc. Dean numbers; D1964-1a, D1970-4a, etc. will be used when HK number is not available or by request. Turner numbers; Turner 34, Turner #36, etc. by request when sufficient documentation is provided by the submitter.
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A Guide Book of United States Tokens and Medals by Katherine Jaeger (Various numbers such as: Coffee No. NY 630 A, Dewitt No. JF-1856-2, etc. NOTE: These numbers will only be used when necessary.)
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Standard Catalog of United States Tokens 1700-1900 by Russell Rulau (Rulau and other numbers; Rulau NY 798, Rulau Z46H, Miller Mo 12, etc. NOTE: These numbers will be used only in some types and by request.)
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So-Called Dollars by Harold E. Hibler and Charles V. Kappen, Second Edition (Hibler/Kappen numbers; HK-370, HK-370a, HK-371, etc. NOTE: Any medal found in other references that are in this book will default to Hibler/Kappen numbers. Other numbers are available upon request.)
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U.S. Minted Philippine Coinage
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U.S./Philippine Coins, 6th Edition 2008-2009 by Lyman L. Allen (Allen numbers; Allen-10.01, Allen-11.12a, etc. CONECA numbers will be given upon request if they are published by CONECA.
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Colonial Coins & Tokens (State, Colony and Foreign Coinage and Tokens having wide usage in the U.S.)
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The Hibernia Coinage of William Wood (1722-1724) by Sydney Martin (Martin numbers; Farthing Obverse 3.5, Farthing Reverse Bc.11, Halfpenny Obverse 4.9, etc. NOTE: Hibernia coinage will be attributed by DGS using this system by default. These will be called foreign coins and attributed by Krause or Spink number by special request.)
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Foreign Coinage
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All Nations, Series and Denominations
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Standard Catalog of World Coins 1601-1700 Latest Edition; Krause Publications, Colin R. Bruce, II Senior Editor (Krause numbers; KM#149, Y#221.7, KM#Pr240, etc.)
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Standard Catalog of World Coins 1701-1800 Latest Edition; Krause Publications, Colin R. Bruce, II Senior Editor (Krause numbers; KM#149, Y#221.7, KM#Pr240, etc.)
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Standard Catalog of World Coins 1801-1900 Latest Edition; Krause Publications, Colin R. Bruce, II Senior Editor (Krause numbers; KM#149, Y#221.7, KM#Pr240, etc.)
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Standard Catalog of World Coins 1901-2000 Latest Edition; Krause Publications, Colin R. Bruce, II Senior Editor (Krause numbers; KM#149, Y#221.7, KM#Pr240, etc.)
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Standard Catalog of World Coins 2001-Date Latest Edition; Krause Publications, Colin R. Bruce, II Senior Editor (Krause numbers; KM#149, Y#221.7, KM#Pr240, etc.)
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Unusual World Coins Latest Edition Krause Publications, Colin R. Bruce, II Senior Editor (Krause numbers; X#14, X#M7.1, X#Pn8a, etc.)
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Coins of Canada
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Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins Latest Edition Published by W. K. Cross and edited by (Usually Krause Numbers; K#121, K#121.1, etc. and sometimes Charlton Numbers, etc.)
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Coins of England and the United Kingdom
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Standard Catalogue of British Coins; Coins of England and The United Kingdom: Latest Edition by Spink and Son, Ltd (Usually Krause Numbers; K#121, K#121.1, etc. and sometimes Spink numbers; Spink-2337, Spink-2362A, etc.)
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